Concept

The Allegory of the Forty Pilgrimages and Vanity in Asrar Nameh

In Fariduddin Attar's 'Asrar Nameh', the tale of the man who sold his forty pilgrimages for a loaf of bread serves as a profound allegory about the dangers of spiritual pride (ujb) and the fragility of religious merit. After completing forty arduous Hajj pilgrimages on foot, a devotee realizes his heart has been tainted by self-conceit and the transactional view of his deeds. To destroy his ego, he publicly auctions the spiritual reward of his journeys for a mere loaf of bread, which he then feeds to a dog. He is subsequently rebuked by a wise elder, who draws a parallel to the Prophet Adam losing the entirety of Paradise for a few grains of wheat. This narrative underscores how unchecked vanity can instantly nullify a lifetime of religious observance, teaching learners that true devotion requires absolute humility rather than quantifiable acts of worship.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course