Concept
The Allegory of the Happy Madman and the Divine Fortune of Causelessness
In this poem from Mosibat Nameh, Attar uses the figure of a happy madman to illustrate the Sufi concept of bi-ellati (causelessness or reasonlessness). The madman describes his spiritual state as a divine fortune (dolat) that originates from a realm beyond the afflictions of worldly logic and causality. By existing in this causeless state, the madman finds absolute and eternal joy, as he is no longer trapped by the limitations of conventional reason or the material world. This allegory highlights the importance of transcending the chain of cause and effect to reach the Truth.
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Updated 2026-07-03
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course