Concept

The Concepts of Lisan-i Hal and Lisan-i Maqal in Jami's Silsilat al-Dhahab

In this section of Silsilat al-Dhahab (from Jami's Haft Awrang), Jami explores the Sufi doctrine of cosmic glorification, distinguishing between two modes of praise: Lisan-i Hal (the tongue of disposition or state) and Lisan-i Maqal (the tongue of speech or articulation). While rationalist philosophers and ordinary intellects agree that all created things glorify God through their very existence and design (Lisan-i Hal), Jami asserts that mystics (arbaab-i kashf) can hear a literal, conscious praise (Lisan-i Maqal) uttered by seemingly inanimate objects like minerals and plants. This perspective highlights the Sufi cosmological view that the entire universe is alive and actively conscious of its Creator.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course