In Section 67 of the Subhat al-Abrar (part of the Haft Awrang), Jami addresses the psychological and spiritual trap of waswas (obsessive doubt) during prayer (namaz), specifically focusing on the repetition of the vocalized intention (niyyat).

Key Concepts:

1. The Trap of Vocalized Intention (Niyyat): Jami describes a worshiper who repeatedly utters 'I intend to pray,' changing their tone, gestures, and speed, trapped in a cycle of doubt while the congregation has already finished praying.
2. The Deception of the Devil (Div): Rather than a sign of true piety or devotion, this obsessive anxiety is identified as a whisper of the devil, who rejoices in distracting the worshiper from the actual prayer.
3. The Illusion of Forcing Composure (Jam'iyyat): The scrupulous person repeats the intention in hopes of achieving instant spiritual focus and presence of heart (* حضور جمعیت *). Jami argues that true presence is a profound state that cannot be instantly ...