Concept

The Metaphor of the Sun and Moon for Prophethood and Saintship in Golshan-e Raz

In Section 19 of Mahmud Shabestari's Golshan-e Raz (The Rose Garden of Mystery), the relationship between Prophethood (Nubuwwat) and Saintship (Wilayat) is elucidated through the metaphor of the sun and the moon. Shabestari compares the Prophet to the sun, representing the ultimate and direct source of spiritual light and perfection. The Saint (Wali), in contrast, is compared to the moon, possessing no original light of its own but rather reflecting the illumination of the prophetic sun. This allegory emphasizes the Sufi doctrine that Saintship is an inward continuation and reflection of Prophethood, inextricably dependent on the Prophet's supreme spiritual station.

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Updated 2026-07-05

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course