Concept

The Prophet's Moral Judgment on Miserliness in Haft Awrang Section 31

In Section 31 of Haft Awrang (Silsilat al-Dhahab), Jami narrates a symbolic story about a deeply devout widow whose extensive prayers and fasting are contrasted with her severe miserliness (buxl). When someone praises her spiritual diligence to the Prophet Muhammad, the Prophet delivers a striking moral judgment: he declares that it would be better for her to be stained with every other moral vice than to suffer from the spiritual disease of miserliness. Jami utilizes this narrative to emphasize that greed and a closed hand (buxl) completely undermine outward acts of worship, formulating a core ethical principle in Persian Sufi literature: while generosity (jood) can transform flaws into virtues, miserliness turns even the most rigorous religious devotion into a spiritual failure.

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Updated 2026-07-07

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Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course