In Attar's Elahi Nameh, the encounter between Sultan Mahmud and Sheikh Kharaqani highlights a central Sufi theme: the disparity between worldly power and spiritual wealth. When the Sultan attempts to test the Sheikh by swapping clothes with his servant Ayaz, Kharaqani sees through the deception. The Sheikh addresses Mahmud directly, revealing that despite Mahmud's vast empire and absolute rule, his heart remains that of a beggar (geda), constantly hungering for more and lacking true inner contentment. This critique subverts the traditional power dynamic, illustrating that true sovereignty is spiritual self-sufficiency, whereas worldly monarchs are driven by an insatiable, beggar-like desire.