The Tayfuri Doctrine of Sukr (Spiritual Intoxication) and Ghalaba (Overwhelming)
The Tayfuriyya, named after Abu Yazid Tayfur ibn Isa al-Bastami, is the Sufi school whose defining doctrine is sukr (spiritual intoxication) and ghalaba (the overwhelming of the servant by the divine).
- Ghalaba is the state in which the overwhelming of God (ghalaba-yi haqq) and the intoxication of divine love seize the servant and overtake ordinary awareness.
- Sukr (intoxication) is set against sahw (sobriety): the intoxicated one is overpowered (maghlub), turned away from creation, and cannot deliberately assume attributes or affectation (takalluf).
A central claim of the section is that this intoxication lies outside the sphere of human acquisition (kasb / iktisab): it cannot be summoned by one's own will, and therefore cannot be made into a path that others are called to imitate. For this reason Hujwiri reports that the masters hold true spiritual leadership (iqtida) to belong to the settled, sober guide who has passed beyond the turbulence of fluctuating states...
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Humanities
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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course