These pills are used to help the body use glucose more effectively.

Metformin

- Dietary changes
- Physical activity 
- Weight management 
- Medications (Metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists) 
- Insulin therapy 
- Behavioral and psychological coaching

Arizona State University

Metabolic disorders are conditions that disrupt normal metabolism, the process of converting food to energy. These disorders often involve problems with how the body responds to/produces insulin, can impair glucose metabolism, and increases the risk of other health complications. 

Metabolic Disorders

Anouar Khayachi, Abraham Nunes, Martin Alda, Guy A. Rouleau,
The overlooked role of metabolic disorders in bipolar disorder,
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Volume 174,
2025,
106203,
ISSN 0149-7634,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106203.

The Overlooked Role of Metabolic Disorders in Bipolar Disorder Reference

- Obesity 
- Insulin Resistance 
- Type 2 Diabetes 
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidemia

Types of Metabolic Disorders

Treatments for Metabolic Disorders

More recent research has clarified the bidirectional relationship between bipolar disorder and metabolic disorder by shedding light on the unique contributions of metabolic disorders. Dysregulated insulin signaling and impaired glucose metabolism appear to be the central mechanisms, with early research showing fluctuations in brain metabolic rates across mood states. 


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