The context (e.g., text/title) and the graph are misaligned (e.g., they state an opposite trend).

Contradictory Slant

The title of a graphical visualization presents one side of a topic, but the graphic visualization shows both.

Selective Slant

The graphic visualization emphasizes an aspect of a story visually, even though the title addresses the other aspect. For example, the information presented in the title may be visually more faint on the graphical visualization.

Miscued Slant

- Selective slant
- Miscued slant
- Contradictory slant

Davidson College

Misinformation research has explored how the relationship between a graphic visualization and its corresponding title may affect people's attitudes and behaviors, such as the acceptance of misinformation.

Misinformation: Graphic Visualizations and Corresponding Titles


Kong, H. K., Liu, Z., & Karahalios, K. (2019, May). Trust and recall of information across varying degrees of title-visualization misalignment. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-13).

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