Provide organizational links and cues to learners through its tree-like structure about a particular concept.

Hierarchical Structure (HS) Models 

A more complex non-linear structure due to its web-like organization. Provides learners with various relational links within a concept. 

Network Structure (NS) Models 

Boston University

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

A type of knowledge representation where its natural flow of reading is in more than one direction.

Non-linear Knowledge Representation

Franck Amadieu, André Tricot, Claudette Mariné, Interaction between prior knowledge and concept-map structure on hypertext comprehension, coherence of reading orders and disorientation, Interacting with Computers, Volume 22, Issue 2, March 2010, Pages 88–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2009.07.001

Effects of prior knowledge and concept-map structure on disorientation, cognitive load, and learning

Due to the nonlinear nature of hypertexts, readers will find the web structure to be overwhelming. In addition, understanding hypertexts may require prior knowledge. The nonlinearity of hypertexts make it difficult for students to integrate the information into their long-term memory. Skilled readers also experienced difficulty navigating through hypertexts due to there being too many links, and strong domain knowledge is needed to understand hypertexts.


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