While the visual is true, the text describing the context of the visual that is misleading can lead to visual misinformation. 


Visual Misinformation Type: Visual Recontextualization


The type of visual misinformation that relies on the editing of the visual representation or illustration. 


Visual Misinformation Type: Visual Manipulation


The type of visual that is entirely false or fictional. 


Visual Misinformation Type: Visual Fabrication


Visual recontextualization

Visual manipulation

Visual fabrication



New York University

Aid or other visual content that, combined with text or audio, falsely depicts a piece of information. 


Visual Misinformation


Heley, K., Gaysynsky, A., & King, A. J. (2022). Missing the Bigger Picture: The Need for More Research on Visual Health Misinformation. Science Communication, 44(4), 514–527. https://doi.org/10.1177/10755470221113833

Missing the Bigger Picture: The Need for More Research on Visual Health Misinformation

Types of Visual Misinformation


Implying false connection between text and visual

Falsely representing authorities

Establishing false scientific credibility 

Aiding a false claim



Visual Health Misinformation Functions


Graphical representation of information that deviates from the original message.
Can occur both intentionally and unintentionally. 


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