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Causation

Union Reinforcement of Labour Market Segmentation

In some cases, trade unions can exacerbate labour market segmentation. This occurs when a union leverages its influence to secure superior wages and working conditions for its members, often referred to as 'insiders', while disadvantaging non-union 'outsiders' who may be relegated to jobs with temporary contracts and lower pay. The Spanish labour market, for example, illustrates this phenomenon, where high union coverage is associated with significant segmentation between protected insiders and precarious outsiders.

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Updated 2026-05-02

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