Those with a higher, more demanding workload will experience less procrastination.

Tulane University

Workload

Procrastination

Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2020). Achieving effective remote working during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A work design perspective. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 16–59. 	https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12290 

Achieving Effective Remote Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective

When social support is high, procrastination decreases in less-disciplined individuals. These two factors are unrelated when self-discipline is high.

Social Support and Procrastination via Self-Discipline

An academic procrastination assessment used in anxiety studies. Math/Statistics anxiety is heavily correlated with procrastination. Participants answer to the degree to which they procrastinate on academic assignments (in their statistics course, for this study in particular). The scale for the consistency of procrastination is from “never procrastinate” (1) to “always procrastinate” (5). The degree to which procrastination on a task is a problem for them is rated from “not at all a problem” (1) to “always a problem” (5). 

The Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (PASS)

Jadidi, F., Mohammadkhani, S., & Tajrishi, K. Z. (2011). Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 534-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.104

Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination

People with higher scores on the perfectionism scale were found to have more academic procrastination. The main reasons behind why perfectionists procrastinate with their academic work were concerns over mistakes, parental criticism, and doubts about their actions. Perfectionists are often concerned about not meeting their standards and thus, choose to procrastinate in order to avoid the distress. 

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