Reuters (2021), At least 28 killed in Lebanon fuel tank explosion, Middle East, 

University of San Diego

Add political science references as child nodes here.


Political Science References

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, June 2). Political science. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science

Wikipedia - Political Science

American Politics. (2021, June 2). Columbia University. https://polisci.columbia.edu/content/american-politics#

Columbia University - American Politics

Government structure. USAFacts. (2020, April 18). https://usafacts.org/annual-publications/2020/government-10-k/part-i/item-1-purpose-and-function-of-our-government-general/government-structure/.

References for government structure

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, June 3). Comparative politics. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_politics

Wikipedia - Comparative Politics

Mingst, K. A., McKibben, H. E., & Arreguín-Toft, I. M. (2019). Essentials of International Relations (8th ed.). W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Essentials of International Relations

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, June 3). Political philosophy. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy

Wikipedia - Political Theory

Wikibooks contributors. (2021, June 2). Comparative Politics. Wikibooks. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Comparative_Politics

Wikibooks - Comparative Politics

Dahl, R. A. (1998). On Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Dahl: On Democracy

Stasavage, D. (2020). Democracy, Autocracy, and Emergency Threats: Lessons for Covid-19 From the Last Thousand Years. International Organization 74, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000338

Stasavage (2020)

Bosancianu, C. M., Dionne, K. Y., Hilbig, H., Humphreys, M., KC, S., Lieber, N., & Scacco, A. (2020). Political and Social Correlates of Covid-19 Mortality. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ub3zd

Bosancianu et al. (2020)

Frey, C. B., Chen, C., & Presidente, G. (2020). Democracy, Culture, and Contagion: Political Regimes and Countries Responsiveness to Covid-19. Covid Economics, 18, 1-20. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06808503-78e4-404f-804f-1f97ab2c7d7e

Frey et al. (2020)

Meaning of liberal democracy in English. (2021, June 8). Lexico. https://www.lexico.com/definition/liberal_democracy

Lexico - Liberal Democracy

Scheppele, K. L. & Pozen, D. (2020). Executive Overreach and Underreach in the Pandemic. In M. P. Maduro & P. W. Kahn (Eds.), Democracy in Times of Pandemic: Different Futures Imagined. (pp. 38-53). New York: Cambridge University Press. 

Scheppele and Pozen (2020)

Hungary: Coronavirus Pandemic Country Profile. (2021, June 10). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/hungary

Our World in Data - Hungary Covid-19 Overview

New Zealand: Coronavirus Pandemic Country Profile. (2021, June 10). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/new-zealand

Our World in Data - New Zealand Covid-19 Overview

Jefferies, S., French, N., Gilkison, C., Graham, G., Hope, V., Marshall, J., McElnay C., McNeill, A., Muellner, P., Paine, S., Prasad, N., Scott, J., Sherwood, J., Yang, L., & Priest, P. (2020). COVID-19 in New Zealand and the impact of national response: a descriptive epidemiological study. The Lancet, 5(11), 612-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30225-5

Jefferies et al. (2020)

Dashboard: Social and political correlates of Covid-19. (2021, May 3). WZB: Institutions and Political Equality Group. https://wzb-ipi.github.io/corona/

Social and Political Correlates of Covid-19

Tasnim, S., Hossain, M. M., & Mazumder, H. (2020). Impact of Rumors and Misinformation on COVID-19 in Social Media. Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, 53, 171-174. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.094

Tasnim et al. (2020)

Schellekens, P. & Sourrouille, D. (2020). COVID-19 Mortality in Rich and Poor Countries: A Tale of Two Pandemics. World Bank Group, May 2020, pp. 1-33. 

Schellekens & Sourrouille (2020)

Haggard, S. & Kaufman, R. R. (2021). Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Haggard & Kaufman (2021)

Lührmann, A., Maerz, S. F., Grahn, S., Alizada, N., Gastaldi, L., Hellmeier, S., Hindle, G., & Lindberg, S. I. (2020). Autocratization Surges – Resistance Grows: Democracy Report 2020. Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute.

Lührmann et al. (2020)

Plattner, M. F. (2016). Is Democracy in Decline? Democracy & Society, 1(4), 1-7. 

Plattner (2016)

Armingeon, K. & Guthmann, K. (2014). Democracy in crisis? The declining support for national democracy in European countries, 2007-2011. European Journal of Political Research, 53, 423-442. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12046

Armingeon & Guthmann (2014)

Essers, D. (2012). Democracy and external shock resilience in developing countries: Evidence from the Great Recession (No. 2012.02). University of Antwerp, Institute of Development Policy (IOB).

Essers (2012)

Remmer, K. L. (1990). Democracy and economic crisis: the Latin American experience. World Politics: A Quarterly Journal of International Relations, 42(3), 315-335. https://doi.org/10.2307/2010414

Remmer (1990)

Haggard, S. (2000). The political economy of the Asian financial crisis. Institute for International Economics.

Haggard (2000)

Kyle, J. & Meyer, B. (2020, February 7). High Tide? Populism in Power, 1990-2020. Tony Blair Institute for Global Change. https://institute.global/policy/high-tide-populism-power-1990-2020

Kyle & Meyer (2020)

Populist Leaders in Eastern Europe Run Into a Little Problem: Unpopularity. (2021, June 21). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/21/world/europe/eastern-europe-populist-leaders-unpopular.html

Unpopular Populism (New York Times)

Naxera, V. (2018). The Never-ending story: Czech governments, corruption and populist anti-corruption rhetoric (2010–2018). Politics in Central Europe, 14(3), 31-54.

Naxera (2018)

Partridge, H. (1998). 4: The regime of the parties. In Italian politics today (pp. 63-83). Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Partridge (1998)

de Giorgi, E. (2019). The never-ending transformation of the Italian party system. In M. Lisi (Ed.), Party system change, the European crisis and the state of democracy (pp. 155-170). New York: Routledge.

de Giorgi (2019)

Kingstone, P. R. & Power, T. J. (2017). Introduction. In Kingstone, P. R. & Power, T. J. (Eds.), Democratic Brazil Divided (pp. 3-23). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 

Kingstone & Power (2017)

Haggard, S. & Kaufman, R. R. (2020). Backsliding: Democratic regress in the contemporary world: Appendix. In S. Haggard & R.R. Kaufman, Backsliding: Democratic regress in the contemporary world. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Haggard & Kaufman (2020) - Appendix

Sata, R. & Karolewski I. P. (2020). Caesarean politics in Hungary and Poland. East European Politics, 36(2), 206-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2019.1703694

Sata & Karolewski (2020)

Weyland, K. (2003). Economic voting reconsidered: Crisis and charisma in the election of Hugo Chávez. Comparative Political Studies, 36(7), 822-848. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414003255106 

Weyland (2003)

Hunter, W. & Power, T. J. (2019). Bolsonaro and Brazil’s illiberal backlash. Journal of Democracy, 30(1), 68-82. 

Hunter & Power (2019)

Waikar, P. (2018). Reading Islamophobia in Hindutva: An analysis of Narendra Modi's political discourse. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 4(2), 161-180. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0161

Waikar (2018)

Vacas-Soriano, C. & Fernández-Macías, E. (2018). Income inequality in the Great Recession from an EU-wide perspective. CESifo Forum, 19(2), 9-18. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/181205

Vacas-Soriano & Fernández-Macías (2018)

Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019). The origins and consequences of affective polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 22, 129-46. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034

Iyengar, et al. (2019)

Jones, D. R. (2015). Declining trust in Congress: Effects of polarization and consequences for democracy. The Forum, 13(3), 375-394. https://doi.org/10.1515/for-2015-0027

Jones (2015)

Sartori, G. (1976). Parties and party systems: A framework for analysis. Cambridge University Press.

Sartori (1976)

Mudde, C. & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2017). Chapter 5: Populism and democracy. In Populism: A very short introduction (pp. 79-96). Oxford University Press. 

Mudde & Kaltwasser (2017)

Havlík, V. (2019). Technocratic populism and political illiberalism in Central Europe. Problems of Post-Communism, 66(66), 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2019.1580590 

Havlík (2019)

Lührmann, A., & Lindberg, S. I. (2019). A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it?. Democratization, 26(7), 1095-1113.

Lührmann and Lindberg (2019)

Grumbach, J. (2021). Laboratories of Democratic Backsliding. (Working Paper). Retrieved from: https://t.co/O4DJAxizHY

Grumbach (2021)

Pippa Norris. (2020). Electoral Integrity in the 2020 American Elections (PEI-US-2020). Electoral Integrity Project: Cambridge, MA.

Norris (2020)

Haugbolle, S. (2011). The historiography and the memory of the Lebanese civil war. Online encyclopedia of mass violence, 5.

Lebanese Civil War

Lugo-Ocando, J., & Cañizález, A. (2021). The return of the Caudillos in the digital age–changing hegemony and Media Caesarism: Continuities and changes in the news media landscape under the Chavismo. In When Media Succumbs to Rising Authoritarianism (pp. 90-105). Routledge.

"The Return of the Caudillos"

Buxton, J. (2020). Continuity and change in Venezuela’s Bolivarian Revolution. Third World Quarterly, 41(8), 1371-1387.

Buxton (2020)

Venezuelan, A., & Ausman, J. (2019). The devastating Venezuelan crisis. Surgical Neurology International, 10, 1-6.

"The Devastating Venezuelan Crisis"

Posner, P. W. (2021). Reevaluating the Chávez Regime: Participatory Democracy or Rentier Populism?. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 40(2), 299-315.

Posner (2021)

Oner, I. (2021). Nicolas Maduro: A populist without popularity.

"A Populist Without Popularity"

Hernández, I., & La Rosa, J. R. (2020). Venezuela and Its Calamities: Add Covid-19 to the List.

"Venezuela and COVID-19"

Smilde, D. (2019, January 8). Venezuelans want President Maduro out, but most would oppose foreign military intervention to remove him. The World. https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-01-08/venezuelans-want-president-maduro-out-most-would-oppose-foreign-military 

Pri.org

Jiménez, M. (2021). Contesting Autocracy: Repression and Opposition Coordination in Venezuela. Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321721999975

Jiménez (2021)

Bahout, J. (2016). The Unraveling of Lebanon's Taif Agreement: Limits of Sect-based Power Sharing (Vol. 16). Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Taif Agreement - Lebanon

Azar, E. E., & Haddad, R. F. (1986). Lebanon: An anomalous conflict?. Third World Quarterly, 8(4), 1337-1350.

Edward Azar on Lebanon

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/05/01/lebanon-sinking-into-one-of-the-most-severe-global-crises-episodes


World Bank Press Release on Lebanon

https://www.davispoliticalreview.com/article/lebanons-political-reality-beacon-of-hope-or-endless-darkness

Davis Political Review on Lebanon (2020)

https://www.hrw.org/blog-feed/lebanon-protests


Human Rights Watch Blog on Lebanon

Malley, M. (2018). The Lebanese Civil War and the Taif Accord: Conflict and Compromise Engendered by Institutionalized Sectarianism. The History Teacher, 52(1), 121-159.

Lebanese Civil War & Taif Accord

Akkar Explosion

Wikipedia: Government

Wikipedia: Federal Government of the United States

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, November 23). Australian Government. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:40, November 30, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Government&oldid=1056730311

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