Generally speaking, depression is an overall feeling of sadness. More specifically, those with depression tend to experience several things such as: an increase or decrease in weight, troubles with concentration, feelings of meaninglessness or worthlessness, thoughts of death or suicide, and so on. 

Depression

Mania is a psychological state characterized by extreme elation and agitation. Individuals experiencing mania may exhibit behaviors such as being excessively talkative, acting recklessly, or attempting to manage numerous tasks at the same time.

Mania

Components of bipolar disorder include:

- Depression
- Mania

New Mexico Highlands University

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that causes those impacted to shift back and forth between depression and mania.

Bipolar Disorder

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Components of Bipolar Disorder

The Other Side of Me shows a first hand account of an individual with bipolar disorder. You can find it here: 

First-hand Account of Bipolar Disorder

1. Genetics
2. Prenatal and perinatal factors
3. Childhood trauma
4. Psychological stressors
5. Substance misuse
6. Medical comorbidities
7. Demographic factors
8. Others

Most of the research considers genetics as the strongest risk factor for bipolar disorder.

Risk Factor for Bipolar Disorder

•Mood stabilizer(for mania)

•Anti-depressants

•Cognitive Behavioral Therpy

•Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy

•Family Based Interventions

Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

Reference for Treatment in Bipolar Disorder

Although research suggests a bidirectional relationship between the two disorders, it is important to distinguish the unique influence from one to another. Bipolar disorder can contribute to the development of metabolic disorders through behavioral (poor diet, lack of adequate exercise), iatrogenic (psychotropic medications) and stress-related pathways. 


How Bipolar Disorder Interacts With Metabolic Disorders

The concept of bipolar disorder as a disorder of energy regulation, where manic and depressive episodes reflect foundational shifts in neuronal and metabolic homeostasis.  


Energy Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder

In the United States, 1 out of every 167 people is diagnosed with bipolar disorder annually, with 1 in 100 people meeting the criteria during their lifetime. The disorder's rates are higher in men than women, and about half of individuals with the condition report its onset before they reach the age of 25.

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