Components of bipolar disorder include:

- Depression
- Mania

Components of Bipolar Disorder

The Other Side of Me shows a first hand account of an individual with bipolar disorder. You can find it here: 

First-hand Account of Bipolar Disorder

1. Genetics
2. Prenatal and perinatal factors
3. Childhood trauma
4. Psychological stressors
5. Substance misuse
6. Medical comorbidities
7. Demographic factors
8. Others

Most of the research considers genetics as the strongest risk factor for bipolar disorder.

Risk Factor for Bipolar Disorder

•Mood stabilizer(for mania)

•Anti-depressants

•Cognitive Behavioral Therpy

•Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy

•Family Based Interventions

Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

Reference for Treatment in Bipolar Disorder

Although research suggests a bidirectional relationship between the two disorders, it is important to distinguish the unique influence from one to another. Bipolar disorder can contribute to the development of metabolic disorders through behavioral (poor diet, lack of adequate exercise), iatrogenic (psychotropic medications) and stress-related pathways. 


How Bipolar Disorder Interacts With Metabolic Disorders

The concept of bipolar disorder as a disorder of energy regulation, where manic and depressive episodes reflect foundational shifts in neuronal and metabolic homeostasis.  


Energy Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder

In the United States, 1 out of every 167 people is diagnosed with bipolar disorder annually, with 1 in 100 people meeting the criteria during their lifetime. The disorder's rates are higher in men than women, and about half of individuals with the condition report its onset before they reach the age of 25.

Prevalence and Demographics of Bipolar Disorder

Unipolar indicates a persistently sad mood, in contrast to bipolar disorder, in which mood alternates between the emotional extremes of depression and mania.

Unipolar vs. Bipolar Mood Pattern

The 1997 independent film Sweetheart features actress Janeane Garofalo in the role of Jasmine, a young woman living with bipolar disorder, offering a media example of how the condition has been depicted on screen.

Sweetheart (1997 Film) Portrayal of Bipolar Disorder

Despite treatment being available, nearly half of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder go without any treatment for the disorder (Merikangas & Tohen, 2011).

Treatment Gap in Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder carries a markedly elevated suicide risk: approximately 36% of affected individuals make at least one suicide attempt over their lifetime (Novick, Swartz, & Frank, 2010), and an estimated 15% to 19% eventually die by suicide (Newman, 2004).

Suicide Risk in Bipolar Disorder

Approximately 90% of individuals with bipolar disorder also have a co-occurring condition. The most common comorbid conditions are anxiety disorders and substance abuse problems.

Comorbidity in Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that causes those impacted to shift back and forth between depression and mania.

New Mexico Highlands University

Boston College

New York University

Google

Bipolar and Related Disorders are recognized by unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration, affecting the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. The presence of mania is a defining trait of bipolar disorder. These shifts range from periods of manic episodes (being extremely “up”, elated, irritable, or energized) and depressive episodes (being very “down”, indifferent, or hopeless).

Bipolar and Related Disorders

Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder and Metabolic Disorders

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

The DSM-5-TR separates Bipolar and Related Disorders into the following specific disorders:
- Bipolar I Disorder
- Bipolar II Disorder
- Cyclothymic Disorder
- Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder
- Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
- Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder
- Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder
- Unspecified Mood Disorder


[DSM-5-TR] List of Bipolar and Related Disorders

The DSM-5-TR outlines certain specifiers to help specify the condition of Bipolar and Related Disorders according to the different states and condition of the individual. These specifiers are broken down as followed:

Specify if:
- With Anxious Distress
- With Mixed Features
- With Rapid Cycling
- With Melancholic Features
- With Atypical Features
- With Psychotic Features
- With Catatonia
- With Peripartum Onset
- With Seasonal Patterns

Specify if:
- In Partial Remission
- In Full Remission

Specify current severity of manic episode::
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe

Specify current severity of major depressive episode:
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe


[DSM-5-TR] Specifiers for Bipolar and Related Disorders

This list includes disorders or conditions that are related to bipolar and manic/depressive states or features but are not currently directly or officially included in the DSM. These disorders include:
- TBD


List of Other Recognized Bipolar and Related Disorders

This list includes different theories or concepts that are used to explain, define, or otherwise provide further insight into the workings of bipolar and related disorders. These include:
- Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
- Difference Between Bipolar I & Bipolar II


Theories and Concepts Relevant to Bipolar and Related Disorders

The collection of references for nodes pertaining to Bipolar and Related Disorders.

References for Bipolar and Related Disorders

References for  Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder 

Rapid cycling is a subtype of bipolar disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least four manic episodes, or a combination of at least four manic and major depressive episodes, within a one-year period.

Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder

Reference for Comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder and Other Conditions

Bipolar Disorder

Mood disorders have been proven to have genetic basis. Individuals with relatives who have major depressive disorder are twice likely to develop such disorder. Individuals with twins with major depressive disorder are also prone to develop major depressive disorder themselves.

Individuals with relatives with bipolar disorder will nine times more likely to develop bipolar disorder themselves. Individuals with twins with bipolar disorder are also prone to develop such a disorder themselves.

Genetic Basis for Mood and Bipolar Disorders

Treatment and management of bipolar and related disorders typically involve a comprehensive approach combining multiple strategies. These interventions generally encompass foundational treatment plans, pharmacological treatments (such as mood stabilizers and antidepressants), psychotherapy, specialized medical procedures (such as ECT and TMS), and proactive lifestyle adjustments.

Treatment and Management of Bipolar and Related Disorders

Interdisciplinary connections and research related to bipolar and related disorders involve the intersection of this topic with other fields of study. These fields include behavioral neuroscience, clinical psychology, disability studies, health psychology, and mindfulness.

Interdisciplinary Connections & Research Related to Bipolar and Related Disorders

Metabolic disorders are conditions that disrupt normal metabolism, the process of converting food to energy. These disorders often involve problems with how the body responds to/produces insulin, can impair glucose metabolism, and increases the risk of other health complications. 

Metabolic Disorders

Metabolic disorders are approximately three times more prevalent in individuals with bipolar disorder than in the general population.


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