Unipolar indicates a persistently sad mood, in contrast to bipolar disorder, in which mood alternates between the emotional extremes of depression and mania.

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Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that causes those impacted to shift back and forth between depression and mania.

Bipolar Disorder

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Components of bipolar disorder include:

- Depression
- Mania

Components of Bipolar Disorder

The Other Side of Me shows a first hand account of an individual with bipolar disorder. You can find it here: 

First-hand Account of Bipolar Disorder

1. Genetics
2. Prenatal and perinatal factors
3. Childhood trauma
4. Psychological stressors
5. Substance misuse
6. Medical comorbidities
7. Demographic factors
8. Others

Most of the research considers genetics as the strongest risk factor for bipolar disorder.

Risk Factor for Bipolar Disorder

•Mood stabilizer(for mania)

•Anti-depressants

•Cognitive Behavioral Therpy

•Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy

•Family Based Interventions

Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

Reference for Treatment in Bipolar Disorder

Although research suggests a bidirectional relationship between the two disorders, it is important to distinguish the unique influence from one to another. Bipolar disorder can contribute to the development of metabolic disorders through behavioral (poor diet, lack of adequate exercise), iatrogenic (psychotropic medications) and stress-related pathways. 


How Bipolar Disorder Interacts With Metabolic Disorders

The concept of bipolar disorder as a disorder of energy regulation, where manic and depressive episodes reflect foundational shifts in neuronal and metabolic homeostasis.  


Energy Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder

In the United States, 1 out of every 167 people is diagnosed with bipolar disorder annually, with 1 in 100 people meeting the criteria during their lifetime. The disorder's rates are higher in men than women, and about half of individuals with the condition report its onset before they reach the age of 25.

Prevalence and Demographics of Bipolar Disorder

Unipolar vs. Bipolar Mood Pattern

The 1997 independent film Sweetheart features actress Janeane Garofalo in the role of Jasmine, a young woman living with bipolar disorder, offering a media example of how the condition has been depicted on screen.

Sweetheart (1997 Film) Portrayal of Bipolar Disorder

Despite treatment being available, nearly half of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder go without any treatment for the disorder (Merikangas & Tohen, 2011).

Treatment Gap in Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder carries a markedly elevated suicide risk: approximately 36% of affected individuals make at least one suicide attempt over their lifetime (Novick, Swartz, & Frank, 2010), and an estimated 15% to 19% eventually die by suicide (Newman, 2004).

Suicide Risk in Bipolar Disorder

Approximately 90% of individuals with bipolar disorder also have a co-occurring condition. The most common comorbid conditions are anxiety disorders and substance abuse problems.

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