Having a positive family history of bipolar disorder (BP) is a strong risk factor for developing the condition, especially among first-degree relatives. It can lead to earlier onset and more severe illness. Studies show that 5-19% of offspring of parents with BP develop BP themselves by young adulthood. These offspring also face a higher risk of other psychiatric conditions like depression and anxiety, making them an easily identifiable population at ultra-high risk for early-onset psychiatric disorders, particularly BP.

Youth At-Risk for Bipolar Disorder

1. Genetics
2. Prenatal and perinatal factors
3. Childhood trauma
4. Psychological stressors
5. Substance misuse
6. Medical comorbidities
7. Demographic factors
8. Others

Most of the research considers genetics as the strongest risk factor for bipolar disorder.

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Bipolar and Related Disorders are recognized by unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration, affecting the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. The presence of mania is a defining trait of bipolar disorder. These shifts range from periods of manic episodes (being extremely “up”, elated, irritable, or energized) and depressive episodes (being very “down”, indifferent, or hopeless).

Bipolar and Related Disorders

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that causes those impacted to shift back and forth between depression and mania.

Bipolar Disorder

Craddock, N., & Jones, I. (1999). Genetics of bipolar disorder. Journal of Medical Genetics, 36(8), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.36.8.585

Genetics of bipolar disorder

Rowland, T. A., & Marwaha, S. (2018). Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 8(9), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125318769235

Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

The DSM-5-TR separates Bipolar and Related Disorders into the following specific disorders:
- Bipolar I Disorder
- Bipolar II Disorder
- Cyclothymic Disorder
- Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder
- Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
- Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder
- Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder
- Unspecified Mood Disorder


[DSM-5-TR] List of Bipolar and Related Disorders

The DSM-5-TR outlines certain specifiers to help specify the condition of Bipolar and Related Disorders according to the different states and condition of the individual. These specifiers are broken down as followed:

Specify if:
- With Anxious Distress
- With Mixed Features
- With Rapid Cycling
- With Melancholic Features
- With Atypical Features
- With Psychotic Features
- With Catatonia
- With Peripartum Onset
- With Seasonal Patterns

Specify if:
- In Partial Remission
- In Full Remission

Specify current severity of manic episode::
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe

Specify current severity of major depressive episode:
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe


[DSM-5-TR] Specifiers for Bipolar and Related Disorders

This list includes disorders or conditions that are related to bipolar and manic/depressive states or features but are not currently directly or officially included in the DSM. These disorders include:
- TBD


List of Other Recognized Bipolar and Related Disorders

This list includes different categories and types of methods for treating and/or managing different bipolar and related disorders. These can be broken down into categories of methods that include:
- Effective Treatment Plans for Bipolar Disorder
- Medication Treatments
- Psychotherapy Treatments
- Medical Interventions
- Beyond Treatment: Things You Can Do


Treatment and Management Methods for Bipolar and Related Disorders

This list includes different theories or concepts that are used to explain, define, or otherwise provide further insight into the workings of bipolar and related disorders. These include:
- Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
- Difference Between Bipolar I & Bipolar II


Theories and Concepts Relevant to Bipolar and Related Disorders

This includes the intersection of connections and/or research related to bipolar and related disorders as a general category in other fields of study and research. Such fields include:
- Behavioral Neuroscience
- Clinical Psychology
- Disability Studies
- Health Psychology
- Mindfulness

Note: Add subjects as needed


Interdisciplinary Connections & Research Related to Bipolar and Related Disorders, General

The collection of references for nodes pertaining to Bipolar and Related Disorders.

References for Bipolar and Related Disorders

Risk Factor for Bipolar Disorder

References for  Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder 

Rapid cycling is a subtype of bipolar disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least four manic episodes, or a combination of at least four manic and major depressive episodes, within a one-year period.

Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder

Reference for Comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder and Other Conditions

Mood disorders have been proven to have genetic basis. Individuals with relatives who have major depressive disorder are twice likely to develop such disorder. Individuals with twins with major depressive disorder are also prone to develop major depressive disorder themselves.

Individuals with relatives with bipolar disorder will nine times more likely to develop bipolar disorder themselves. Individuals with twins with bipolar disorder are also prone to develop such a disorder themselves.

Genetic Basis for Mood and Bipolar Disorders

Components of bipolar disorder include:

- Depression
- Mania

Components of Bipolar Disorder

The Other Side of Me shows a first hand account of an individual with bipolar disorder. You can find it here: 

First-hand Account of Bipolar Disorder

•Mood stabilizer(for mania)

•Anti-depressants

•Cognitive Behavioral Therpy

•Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy

•Family Based Interventions

Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

Reference for Treatment in Bipolar Disorder

Although research suggests a bidirectional relationship between the two disorders, it is important to distinguish the unique influence from one to another. Bipolar disorder can contribute to the development of metabolic disorders through behavioral (poor diet, lack of adequate exercise), iatrogenic (psychotropic medications) and stress-related pathways. 


How Bipolar Disorder Interacts With Metabolic Disorders

The concept of bipolar disorder as a disorder of energy regulation, where manic and depressive episodes reflect foundational shifts in neuronal and metabolic homeostasis.  


Energy Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder

In the United States, 1 out of every 167 people is diagnosed with bipolar disorder annually, with 1 in 100 people meeting the criteria during their lifetime. The disorder's rates are higher in men than women, and about half of individuals with the condition report its onset before they reach the age of 25.

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