• premises: philosopher's sense of statements
• conclusions: claims

1- "at the first level of the argument there is the contention"

2- followed by a supporting claim and objection

3- "…supported by more claims of support or objection, which become rebuttals when they are objections to objections…"

4 – "…basis boxes which provide defense for the terminal claims are provided at the end of the argument tree"

-"… Objections and rebuttals to objections can be added at any point in the map"

• basis boxes require evidence