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Data Falsification
Data falsification, also known as altering results, is a violation of scholarly integrity that occurs when a researcher manipulates, omits, or changes real data. Because the scientific goal is to understand the world as it actually is, researchers have a duty to report their findings honestly and accurately. Therefore, they must never alter their results in any way, even if the actual data contradicts their expectations.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
Related
Duplicate Data Publication
Data Sharing in Research
Confidentiality in Peer Review
Data Fabrication
Publication Credit
Plagiarism
Data Falsification
Self-Plagiarism
According to the APA Ethics Code, which of the following actions is strictly prohibited in order to maintain scholarly integrity?
To maintain scholarly integrity, a researcher may selectively omit a few contradictory data points from their final report, provided that the study's overall conclusion remains unchanged.
To maintain scholarly integrity, researchers must apply specific ethical principles when reporting and publishing their work. Match each researcher's action with the specific ethical principle it best illustrates.
A psychology research team is finalizing a manuscript for publication and must assign authorship credit according to the principles of scholarly integrity. Arrange the following individuals in order of their priority for authorship, from the person with the most significant intellectual contribution to the individual whose role does not justify authorship credit.
You are tasked with creating a comprehensive 'Scholarly Integrity Protocol' for a psychology research team to use during the publication process. Which of the following protocol designs most effectively synthesizes the APA Ethics Code's requirements for honest reporting with the accurate assignment of authorship credit?
Which of the following statements best explains the scientific rationale for why psychological researchers must maintain scholarly integrity under the APA Ethics Code?
A researcher argues that omitting 'messy' data points that contradict their hypothesis is acceptable because it allows the scientific community to focus on the most 'promising' discovery. In evaluating this justification, the researcher is violating scholarly integrity by failing to fulfill the fundamental duty of _____ reporting.
To maintain scholarly integrity, the APA Ethics Code outlines obligations that include strict prohibitions against data fabrication and _____.
A psychology researcher conducts an experiment on memory but finds that some data points do not support their hypothesis. Reasoning that the scientific goal is to discover how the world actually is and that these points are anomalous noise, they omit them from the final paper without disclosure. According to the APA Ethics Code's standards for scholarly integrity, this action is a violation of their ethical duties.
To maintain scholarly integrity during the publication process, researchers must evaluate and apply specific standards under the APA Ethics Code. Match each ethical obligation with the scenario that best represents a violation of that standard.
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Value of Unexpected Results
What specifically constitutes data falsification in a research study?
A researcher who removes several data points from their final analysis because the results contradict their original hypothesis is upholding the standards of scholarly integrity.
A team of psychology researchers is reviewing their dataset before publication. Match each researcher's action to its correct classification according to scholarly integrity standards.
A researcher is analyzing a dataset () and finds that removing four specific participants would change a non-significant result () into a significant one (). To avoid data falsification and ensure the study accurately reflects the world as it is, arrange the following steps in the correct order for evaluating whether these data points can be omitted.
Match each term related to research ethics with its correct definition or purpose according to the principles of scholarly integrity.
Which of the following statements best reflects the underlying reason why psychological researchers are prohibited from engaging in data falsification, even when their results are unexpected?
In a psychological study on memory with , a researcher discovers that the data does not show the expected significant difference (). To achieve a significant result, the researcher removes the scores of three participants whose performance contradicted the hypothesis. Because the researcher is deleting real observations specifically to ensure the data supports their expectations, they are engaging in data _____.
A researcher studying social media use and loneliness collects data from 80 participants. After running the analysis, she notices that five participants reported unusually low loneliness scores. Without documenting any methodological reason or disclosing the omission in her report, she quietly drops these five cases because she feels they make the data look "too spread out." Applying the principles of scholarly integrity, this researcher has committed data falsification.
A psychology student runs an experiment on test anxiety and academic performance () and finds no significant relationship between the two variables (). Frustrated by the outcome, she decides to recode several participants' anxiety ratings upward by a few points so that the correlation reaches statistical significance. Breaking down what makes this action a violation of research ethics: the student is engaging in _____, because she is deliberately changing real data values to produce an outcome that was not actually observed in the study.
A researcher completes data collection for a study on exercise frequency and academic motivation () and finds that the results directly contradict her original hypothesis. Evaluate the steps below and arrange them in the order that best reflects sound scholarly integrity when handling these unexpected results, from the most foundational obligation to the final reporting step.
Define data falsification and explain the fundamental scientific goal and duty that researchers must uphold when reporting their research findings.
Explain why this student's actions constitute data falsification and how this choice conflicts with the primary goal and duty of scientific research.
A psychology researcher completes data collection () and discovers that the data directly contradicts their hypothesis. Applying the standards of scholarly integrity, what action should the researcher take regarding the data, and what is the scientific justification for this action?