In Section 65 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai discusses the theological implications of divine praise (*thana*) and its relationship with human limitation and spiritual ascension:

1. **Fragrance of Praise:** Sanai states that any tongue that speaks of God becomes fragrant like musk, indicating that praising the divine purifies and elevates human speech and thought.
2. **The Paradox of Eloquence:** He notes that those who are most clever (*gurbuz*) and capable in praising God ultimately find themselves most helpless (*ajiz*), highlighting the inherent inadequacy of human language and intellect in fully grasping or describing the Divine.
3. **Renunciation of the Body (*Talaq-i Tan*):** Sanai emphasizes that seeking true faith requires the divorce or renunciation of physical desires and bodily attachments ('the dowry of religion is the divorce of the body'), presenting ascetic detachment as a prerequisite for spiritual proximity to God.

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## Original content
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در دهان هر زبان که گویا شد 
از ثنایت چو مشک بویا شد
دل و جان را به بعد و قربت تو 
هست در امر و در مشیت تو
دولت سرمدی و نحس ردی 
ملک بی هلک و عزت ابدی
بندگانت به روز و شب پویان 
همه از تو ترا شده جویان
دولت و ملک و عز هر دو جهان 
پیش عاقل به آشکار و نهان
هست معلوم بی هوا و هوس 
کان همه هیچ نیست بی تو و بس
در ثنای تو هر که گربزتر 
گرچه قادرترست عاجزتر
دین طلب کن گرت غم بدنست 
زانکه کابین دین طلاق تنست
پیک عقلش ممیز راهست 
که فسادش صلاح را جاهست
نیست در امر تو به کن فیکون 
زهره کس را که این چه یا آن چون
بنده را در ره معاش و معاد 
نیست کس ناصر از صلاح و فساد
روزی آخر ز خلق سیر شوی 
لیک دوری هنوز و دیر شوی
آنگه آگه شوی ز نرخ پیاز 
که نیابی به راه راست جواز
مرد ایمان همیشه در کار است 
زانکه ایمان نماز بیمار است
تا نداری سر سراندازی 
تو چه دانی که چیست جانبازی
چون سرانداز وصف جود شدی 
بر در روم در سجود شدی
کعبهٔ دل ز حق شده منظور 
همت سگ بر استخوان مقصور
پیش شرعش ز شعر جستن به 
بیت را همچو بت شکستن به
شرع از اشعار سخت بیگانه ست 
گرچه با او کنون هم از خانه ست
هرچه ما را مباح، محظورست 
برکسی کو ازین و آن دورست
فرق حظر و اباحت او داند 
کانچه راحت جراحت او داند
دل و همت مده به صحبت خلق 
ببر از خلق تا نبرد حلق
نیکویی با عدوت از خردست 
که خرد نام تو ز نیک و بد است

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## English translation
In the mouth of every tongue that became speaking,
It became fragrant like musk from Your praise.
The heart and soul, in their distance and proximity to You,
Are under Your command and Your will.
Eternal fortune and destructive misfortune,
Sovereignty without decay, and everlasting honor.
Your servants are running day and night,
All seeking You through You.
The fortune, sovereignty, and honor of both worlds,
Before the wise person, openly and secretly,
Is known without bias or passion,
That all of them are nothing without You, and that is all.
In Your praise, whoever is more clever,
Though more capable, is actually more helpless.
Seek religion if you care for the soul,
Because the dowry of religion is the divorce of the body.
The messenger of his intellect distinguishes the path,
Whose corruption serves as a place of honor for rectitude.
Under Your command of 'Be, and it is',
No one has the courage to ask 'Why this?' or 'How that?'
For the servant, on the path of livelihood and resurrection,
No one is a helper in rectitude or corruption.
Eventually one day you will grow tired of people,
But you are still distant and it will take you long.
Only then will you learn the price of onions,
When you do not find a permit on the straight path.
The man of faith is always at work,
Because faith is the prayer of the sick.
As long as you do not intend to risk your head,
How do you know what self-sacrifice is?
When you became a risk-taker describing generosity,
You went into prostration at the door of Rome.
The Kaaba of the heart is observed by the Truth,
While the ambition of a dog is confined to a bone.
In the face of His law, avoiding poetry is better;
Breaking a verse like an idol is better.
The Divine Law is highly estranged from poetry,
Even though it currently shares the same house with it.
Whatever is permissible for us is forbidden
For the one who is distant from this and that.
He knows the difference between prohibition and permission
Who knows that what seems a comfort is actually a wound.
Do not give your heart and ambition to the company of people;
Sever ties with people lest they cut your throat.
Doing good to your enemy is out of wisdom,
For wisdom preserves your name from good and bad.

بخش ۶۵ - فی‌الحمد والثناء / Section 65 - On Praise and Glorification

In Section 29 of *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sana'i outlines the mystical paradox of existence (*hast*) and non-existence (*nist*). He exhorts the spiritual seeker to strive to transcend their mundane, illusory non-existence and attain true, permanent existence through divine intoxication (*sharab-e khoday*) and religious devotion (*din*). By relinquishing the ego and submitting to the divine will, the seeker achieves a state of spiritual sovereignty over temporal existence, turning the bonds of divine servitude into a crown of honor.

Sana'i's Concept of Existence and Non-Existence (وجود و عدم)

In Section 28 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sana'i introduces the mystical concept of death (*ajal*) not as an end, but as the essential key that unlocks the 'house of secrets' (*khaneh-ye raz*) and reveals the Abode of Eternity (*dar al-baqa*). He posits that the physical world and the divine realm are mutually exclusive; as long as an individual is bound by their selfhood and temporal existence, they remain ignorant of the unseen world (*alam-e ghaib*). Thus, spiritual awakening and the revelation of the divine scroll (*sahifeh-ye khoda*) can only be initiated by the hand of death, which transcends physical form and worldly habits.

Sana'i's Concept of Death as the Key to the Abode of Eternity

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Divine Praise and the Renunciation of the Physical Self in Sanai's Hadiqat

### Inner Peace and External Detachment

In Section 38 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai describes the spiritual state of *tajrid* (detachment). He asserts that true detachment manifests as inner peace (*asayish*) and a total disregard for outer adornment (*arayish*) or worldly praise.

### The Food of the Soul vs. Worldly Desires

Sanai contrasts the common beggar, who seeks bread from a king, with the spiritual lover, who seeks the 'food of the soul' (*ghadaye jan*) through continuous remembrance (*dhikr*). He emphasizes that those who walk this path must transcend the material world.

### The Metaphor of the Lion and the Dog

To illustrate high spiritual aspiration (*'ali-himmat*), Sanai uses the contrast between a base dog seeking bones and a lion seeking the essence of life (*maghze jan*). The true seeker of detachment avoids being bound by small worldly offerings, aiming instead for complete spiritual freedom.

Sanai's Concept of Tajrid and Spiritual High-Mindedness in Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In Mahmud Shabestari's *Golshan-e Raz*, true union (*visal*) with the Divine is not defined as a literal merging of two entities or incarnation, but rather as complete detachment from the created world and the ego. Shabestari argues that the contingent being (*mumkin*) is essentially non-existent compared to the Necessary Being (*wajib*); therefore, the non-existent cannot literally reach or unite with God. True union is instead the realization of one's own non-existence, stripping away the illusion of the contingent self until only the Necessary Being remains.

Shabestari's Concept of True Union (وصال حق)

In the first chapter of Sanai's *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, the tale of Abu Bakr al-Shibli's intimate prayer (*munajat*) serves as a discourse on ego transcendence and the path to the Divine.

Shibli is advised to emerge from hidden discourse to address the Divine. The narrative emphasizes that as long as a seeker is self-aware and remains attached to their ego (*khudi*), the journey to spiritual union remains an arduous path lasting thousands of years. True realization of the divine unity (*tawhid*), symbolized by the transition from the negation 'la' to the affirmation 'illa Allah', requires the complete effacement of the individual self.

The Allegory of Shibli's Prayer and Ego Transcendence in Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

### Overview
In Section 64 of *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai discusses the spiritual prerequisites of contemplation (*tafakkur*) and self-observation (*muraqabah*) in Sufism. He emphasizes that spiritual sovereignty cannot be attained without first experiencing spiritual servitude and purifying one's heart.

### Key Concepts
* **Purification of the Heart (*Sina-Safi*):** Sanai states that the individual who completely purifies their inner self or breast becomes so spiritually elevated that even the Kaaba circumambulates their threshold, symbolizing that inner purity surpasses outward ritual forms.
* **Humility and Servitude (*Bandagi*):** Using the metaphor of a king and a servant, Sanai explains that one must first learn to be a humble servant (*bende*) to truly comprehend and attain spiritual sovereignty (*shahi*).
* **Metaphors of Spiritual Immaturity:** Sanai employs several rich metaphors, such as the onion with multiple layers (*to-bar-to*), garlic, and Joseph still trapped in th...

The Concept of Servitude, Heart Purification, and Spiritual Sovereignty in Section 64 of Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

### Overview
In Section 36 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai offers a profound spiritual and philosophical critique of worldly power and kingship. He urges rulers and individuals alike to look beyond the transient, illusory nature of temporal authority and instead seek eternal, divine sovereignty.

### Key Themes
- **The Illusion of Worldly Kingdoms (*Mulk-e Dunya*):** Sanai describes the physical realm and its kingdoms as a metaphorical abode (*saray-e majaz*) and a playground of illusions (*khayal-baz*). He metaphorically warns that pursuing worldly glory is as futile as chasing a mirage (*sarab*) or fighting over a carcass like dogs.
- **The Pursuit of Eternal Sovereignty (*Mulk-e Baqi*):** In contrast to the fleeting nature of worldly power, Sanai highlights the eternal kingdom (*mulk-e baqi*) which brings true perfection (*kamal-saz*). He advises cultivating high spiritual ambition (*himmat-e ali*) and aligning oneself with divine purpose.
- **Divine Comfort and Devotion:** Tr...

The Illusion of Worldly Sovereignty and the Pursuit of Divine Authority in Sanai's Section 36

In Section 51 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sana'i explains the contradiction between the material world and the divine realm. He argues that duality (*du'i*), exemplified by worldly distinctions and desires, is a construct of the rational intellect (*aql*) rather than divine unity (*tawhid*). To attain spiritual oneness (*yeki'i*), the seeker must relinquish attachments to temporal status, represented by crowns and belts, as the material and spiritual abodes are mutually exclusive.

Sana'i's Concept of the Contradiction of the Two Abodes in the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In Section 39 of *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai contrasts material, bodily science (*ilm-e jesm*) with the spiritual knowledge required to tread the path of God (*ilm-e raftan be rah-e haq*). He outlines the essential provisions (*zad*) for this journey, which include distinguishing truth from falsehood, renouncing worldly status and desire for rank (*jah o hormat*), purifying the soul from evil, and strengthening the spirit through intellect and wisdom.

Sanai's Concept of the Path of the Hereafter and its Provisions

In Section 51 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai discusses the spiritual blindness caused by worldly attachment, presenting death not as an end, but as a moment of intellectual and spiritual awakening. He allegorizes that when the 'eye of death' closes, the true intellect (*'aql*) opens its eyes to perceive the hidden reality of the universe (*nehan-e alam*) and see things as they truly are (*chiz-ha ra chenan-ke hast chenan*). Sanai warns that humans remain ignorant of the true nature of worldly life, which they must abandon to embrace the hereafter, likened to a beautiful bride.

Sanai's Concept of Intellectual Awakening and the Revelation of Reality at Death

In Section 57 of *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai illustrates the Sufi method of disciplining the lower self (*nafs*) through a dialogue between an ascetic of Basra and his *nafs*. The *nafs* repeatedly prompts the ascetic with worldly demands for food, clothing, and future plans. In response, the ascetic systematically subverts these desires by offering reminders of mortality: death, a shroud, and the grave. This poem highlights the spiritual necessity of active resistance to the self's impulses, demonstrating that true renunciation of the world (*zuhd*) is achieved by confronting and denying the *nafs* through constant awareness of death.

Disciplining the Nafs Through Reminders of Mortality in Sanai's Hadiqat

In Section 4 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sanai outlines a fundamental Sufi teaching regarding the moral consequences of human behavior, asserting that a person's earthly deeds serve as their companions in the grave. He explains that after the final breath, one's faith and actions—both good and bad—become their ultimate intimate companions (*muns-o-qarin*). Sanai poetically describes how good deeds (*nik*) transform into a lush garden of bliss (*rowzah-i na'im*), whereas evil deeds (*bad*) morph into a burning pit of hell (*hufrah-i jahim*). This representation emphasizes that post-mortem existence is an immediate, direct manifestation of one's moral and spiritual character during earthly life, laying the groundwork for the broader doctrine of the embodiment of deeds (*tajassum-e a'mal*).

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