The DSM-5-TR makes a note to mention the common occurrence of co-occurring disorders that are diagnosed alongside a sleep-wake disorder. These co-occurring conditions frequently involve depression, anxiety, and cognitive changes. It is also recognized that sleep disturbances are recognized risk factors for developing other mental disorders (e.g., substance use disorder). Thus, when evaluating sleep disturbances as a differential diagnosis, the rule is to consider co-existence rather than differential diagnosis. Because of the importance of sleep on other mental or physical conditions, as well as the inverse effect of mental and physical conditions on sleep, it is important to plan treatment using a multidimensional approach that encompasses all the conditions of the patient.