Model proposed by Pierre Janet, emphasizes dissociation is a defense mechanism to cope from a traumatic event or stressor.There is a relationship between genetic predisposition and attachment styles.

Post Traumatic Stress Model

Incorporates social, cognitive, and cultural variables that lead to the manifestations of dissociative symptoms. Dissociation is linked to media influences and cognitive therapies. There are suggestions to a predisposition in fantasy proneness. 

Sociocognitive Model

Dissociative symptoms are linked to disruptions in an individual's sleep cycle. This is due to the alterations in sleep and waking cycles. It is suggested that disruptions in the sleep wake cycle guide dissociative experiences through attentional lapses, micro sleeps, decreased cognitive control, memory failure and fragmentation, and impaired reality judgement.

Sleep Model

Origins of dissociation are multifactorial, differ from each individual, and can be linked to failure in adaptive mechanisms in traumatic and non-traumatic stressors.

Transtheoretical Model

- Post Traumatic Stress Model

-Sociocognitive Model

-Sleep Model

-Transtheoretical Model

Michigan State University

This list includes different theories or concepts that are used to explain, define, or otherwise provide further insight into the workings of dissociative disorders. These include:
-	Etiological Models in Dissociative Disorders


Theories & Concepts Relevant to Dissociative Disorders

Lynn, S. J., Polizzi, C., Merckelbach, H., Chiu, C.-D., Maxwell, R., van Heugten, D., &amp; Lilienfeld, S. O. (2022). Dissociation and dissociative disorders reconsidered: Beyond sociocognitive and trauma models toward a transtheoretical framework. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 18(1), 259–289. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-102424 

Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders Reconsidered: Beyond Sociocognitive and Trauma Models Toward a Transtheoretical Framework

Etiological Models in Dissociative Disorders

Steele, K., van der Hart, O., & Nijenhuis, E. R. S. (2010). Trauma-related structural dissociation of the personality. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 52(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03379560

Trauma-Related Structural Dissociation of the Personality

Structural Dissociation Theory posits that chronic trauma prevents the integration of the personality, splitting it into two parts: the Apparently Normal Personality (ANP), which handles daily life by numbing or avoiding traumatic memories, and the Emotional Personality (EP), which holds the raw sensorimotor and emotional "imprints" of the trauma.


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