The sleep model downplays the role of trauma in dissociation and draws findings to be solely based on lack of sleep. Dissociative disorders have a high comorbidity rate and trauma is linked to alternation in quality sleep, as well as other variables.

Sleep Model Limitations

Dissociative symptoms are linked to disruptions in an individual's sleep cycle. This is due to the alterations in sleep and waking cycles. It is suggested that disruptions in the sleep wake cycle guide dissociative experiences through attentional lapses, micro sleeps, decreased cognitive control, memory failure and fragmentation, and impaired reality judgement.

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- Post Traumatic Stress Model

-Sociocognitive Model

-Sleep Model

-Transtheoretical Model

Etiological Models in Dissociative Disorders

Lynn, S. J., Polizzi, C., Merckelbach, H., Chiu, C.-D., Maxwell, R., van Heugten, D., &amp; Lilienfeld, S. O. (2022). Dissociation and dissociative disorders reconsidered: Beyond sociocognitive and trauma models toward a transtheoretical framework. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 18(1), 259–289. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-102424 

Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders Reconsidered: Beyond Sociocognitive and Trauma Models Toward a Transtheoretical Framework

Model proposed by Pierre Janet, emphasizes dissociation is a defense mechanism to cope from a traumatic event or stressor.There is a relationship between genetic predisposition and attachment styles.

Post Traumatic Stress Model

Incorporates social, cognitive, and cultural variables that lead to the manifestations of dissociative symptoms. Dissociation is linked to media influences and cognitive therapies. There are suggestions to a predisposition in fantasy proneness. 

Sociocognitive Model

Sleep Model

Origins of dissociation are multifactorial, differ from each individual, and can be linked to failure in adaptive mechanisms in traumatic and non-traumatic stressors.

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