-Response sets


-Spontaneous Thoughts


- Alexithymia


-Failure to Adapt


-Hyperassociativity 


-Fundamental Mis-attribution error

Transtheoretical Variables in Dissociative Disorders 

Origins of dissociation are multifactorial, differ from each individual, and can be linked to failure in adaptive mechanisms in traumatic and non-traumatic stressors.

Michigan State University

- Post Traumatic Stress Model

-Sociocognitive Model

-Sleep Model

-Transtheoretical Model

Etiological Models in Dissociative Disorders

Lynn, S. J., Polizzi, C., Merckelbach, H., Chiu, C.-D., Maxwell, R., van Heugten, D., &amp; Lilienfeld, S. O. (2022). Dissociation and dissociative disorders reconsidered: Beyond sociocognitive and trauma models toward a transtheoretical framework. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 18(1), 259–289. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-102424 

Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders Reconsidered: Beyond Sociocognitive and Trauma Models Toward a Transtheoretical Framework

Model proposed by Pierre Janet, emphasizes dissociation is a defense mechanism to cope from a traumatic event or stressor.There is a relationship between genetic predisposition and attachment styles.

Post Traumatic Stress Model

Incorporates social, cognitive, and cultural variables that lead to the manifestations of dissociative symptoms. Dissociation is linked to media influences and cognitive therapies. There are suggestions to a predisposition in fantasy proneness. 

Sociocognitive Model

Dissociative symptoms are linked to disruptions in an individual's sleep cycle. This is due to the alterations in sleep and waking cycles. It is suggested that disruptions in the sleep wake cycle guide dissociative experiences through attentional lapses, micro sleeps, decreased cognitive control, memory failure and fragmentation, and impaired reality judgement.

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