Case Study

Evaluating Surplus Distribution from a Single Transaction

A firm sells a unique, handcrafted item. For a specific transaction, the following data is known:

  • The buyer's maximum willingness to pay was $1,000.
  • The firm's marginal cost to produce it was $400.

The firm is considering two potential prices for this type of transaction in the future: Price A ($850) and Price B ($550). Evaluate both pricing options by calculating the consumer and producer surplus for each. Then, recommend one of the prices and justify your choice by discussing the trade-offs from the perspectives of the firm, the consumer, and overall economic efficiency for this single transaction.

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Updated 2025-08-03

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