Example

Example of the ABC Model: Internalizing vs. Externalizing Attributions

The ABC model can be illustrated by an example of two men, Jon and Joe, who are both refused a phone number at a party (the Action). Their differing Beliefs about this event lead to different Consequences. Jon internalizes the reason for the rejection, telling himself he is a 'loser' or 'ugly.' This belief leads to the consequence of depression and social withdrawal. In contrast, Joe externalizes the cause, thinking he might have had bad breath. This belief leads to a constructive action—buying a toothbrush—and does not result in depression, allowing him to attend another party and meet someone new. This highlights how internalizing blame can trigger depression, while externalizing it can prevent negative emotional outcomes.

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Updated 2026-01-15

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