Gas Gangrene causes myonecrosis leading to pain and foul-smelling, yellow, bubbly discharge at the infection site. 

Signs and Symptoms of Gas Gangrene

*Clostridium perfringens* uses α-Toxin and theta (θ) toxin to break down and form forms in the infected persons cell membranes.

Virulence Factors of *Clostridium perfringens*

What is the primary cause of Gas Gangrene?

Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with Gas Gangrene?

Which of the following treatments is most effective for Gas Gangrene?

Which of the following conditions can increase the risk of developing Gas Gangrene?

Gas Gangrene is caused by the endospores of the pathogen *Clostridium perfringens*.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Streptococcal Toxic Shock-like Syndrome
- Puerperal Sepsis
- Infectious Arthritis
- Osteomyelitis
- Rheumatic Fever
- Bacterial Endocarditis and Pericarditis
- Gas Gangrene
- Tularemia
- Brucellosis
- Cat-Scratch Disease
- Rat-Bite Fever
- Plague
- Zoonotic Febrile Diseases

Bacterial Infections of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems

Bacteria are single celled, prokaryotic organisms that are capable of living in extreme conditions and have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan. They are either heterotrophic or autotrophic and can be harmless or cause disease (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).

Bacteria

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Diseases that require arthropod vectors:
- Anaplasmosis
- Ehrlichiosis
- Epidemic Typhus
- Murine (Endemic) Typhus
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Lyme Disease
- Relapsing Fever
- Trench Fever

Zoonotic Febrile Diseases

TSS is caused by a toxemic infection of the pathogen *Staphylococcus aureus*.

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Streptococcal Toxic Shock-like Syndrome is caused by the pathogen *Streptococcus pyogenes*. 

Streptococcal Toxic Shock-like Syndrome

Puerperal Sepsis is most often caused by the pathogen *Streptococcus pyogenes*, but can also be caused by *Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Chlamydia spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Bacteroides spp.,* and *Clostridium spp.*

Puerperal Sepsis

Infectious Arthritis can be caused by many bacteria, most notably caused by the pathogens *S. aureus* or *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*. 

Infectious Arthritis

This inflammation of bone tissue is most commonly caused by the pathogen *S. aureus*, but can also be caused by *M. tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, S. agalactiae*, Enterobacteriaceae species, and other microorganisms

Osteomyelitis

Rheumatic Fever is caused by infections of *S. pyogenes* that have nonsuppurative sequelae.

Rheumatic Fever

Bacterial Endocarditis can be caused by an infection of any of the following pathogens: *Staphylococcus aureus, viridans streptococci, Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus spp., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens*, and *Kingella kingae*.

Bacterial Endocarditis 

Bacterial Pericarditis can be caused by *Staphylcoccus spp.* or *Streptococcus spp.*

Bacterial Pericarditis 

Gas Gangrene

Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is caused by the pathogen *Francisella tularensis*.

Tularemia

There are four pathogens that can cause Brucellosis in humans: *B. abortus, B. canis, B. suis*, and *B. melitensis*.

Brucellosis

Cat Scratch Disease is caused by the pathogen *Bartonella henselae.*

Cat Scratch Disease

Rat-bite fever can be caused by two pathogens: *Streptobacillus moniliformis* or *Spirillum minor*

Rat- Bite Fever

Plagues are a disease that affects humans and other mammals. It is caused by the bacterium, *Yersinia pestis*. Humans usually get the plague after being bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the plague bacterium or by handling an animal infected with the plague.

Plague

Bacteriology is the study of bacteria and how that affect human health as well as agriculture

Bacteriology

- The Immune System
- CDC
- Morphology and Classification of Bacteria

References for Bacteria

These are diseases caused by bacteria and spread to humans by arthropods.

Vector borne bacterial diseases

Bacteria are classified based on size, shape and arrangement. 

Morphology & Classification of Bacteria

- Cell Wall
- Plasma Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Mesosomes
- Cytoplasmic Inclusions
- Nucleoid
- Capsule
- Flagella
- Pilus
- Fimbriae
- Plasmid DNA
- Endospore
- Inclusion Bodies

Bacterial Structures

Bacteria are diverse in their functions, structure and genomes. Some important classes and phyla among bacteria are:
- Proteobacteria
- Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria 
- Phototrophic Bacteria
- Gram-Positive Bacteria
- Deeply Branching Bacteria

Bacterial Diversity

Bacterial vaccines are made from whole bacteria, their secreted toxins, or capsular polysaccharides.

- Live-attenuated bacterial vaccine

- Vaccines that generate toxin-specific neutralizing antibodies

- Subunit/Conjugate vaccines

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