Goals with an "outward" orientation - meaning they are concerned with extrinsic manifestations of worth rather than fulfilling innate need satisfaction  (Williams, Cox, Hedberg, & Deci, 2000; Fromm, 1976; Van Boven & Gilovich, 2003). In SDT, they include:
- wealth 
- fame
- image
- physical appearance 

Extrinsic goals

Leads to the direct satisfaction of psychological needs (R. M. Ryan & Deci, 2000a, 2000b). In SDT, they include:
- personal growth
- relationships/affiliation
- community contribution
- health

Intrinsic goals

Intrinsic goal framing will work well with (benefits) intrinsically oriented people, while extrinsic goal framing works well with (benefits) extrinsic oriented people (Hidi & Harackiewicz, 2000; Sagiv & Schwartz, 2000). There is strong evidence that this is not the case (in learning intrinsic framing consistently works better regardless of the students' goal orientation). 

The Match Hypothesis

S.M.A.R.T. goals serve as a structured framework to help individuals set and achieve their main objectives (i.e., goals). Below lists what each letter means:
- S - Specific 
- M - Measurable
- A - Achievable
- R - Relevant
- T - Time-bound

S.M.A.R.T. Goals

A goal is a desired outcome that an individual is aiming to achieve.  It is what the goal is trying to achieve. A goal can be either:
- Intrinsic
- Extrinsic

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

University of Chicago

- Goal content
- The match hypothesis
- Goal motive
- Effects on contributions in online communities
- Effects on Academic Achievement

Focuses of goal setting

Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational psychologist, 41(1), 19-31.

Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://dictionary.apa.org/ 

APA Dictionary of Psychology

It is the reason why an individual sets a goal. Whether the goal is (Deci & Ryan, 2000):
- autonomous

or
- controlled

Goal motive 

Whether a person performs better when goals are framed intrinsically or extrinsically.

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