This study utilized the following instruments and materials:

• Big Five Inventory (John, 1990): Measures five main personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism) using a five-point Likert scale.
• Online Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (OSLQ) (Barnard et al., 2009): Measures six sub-scales of self-regulation (environment structuring, goal setting, time management, help-seeking, task strategies, and self-evaluation). Higher scores suggest greater self-regulation in virtual environments.
• Follow-up Interview: Completed by 15 participants to obtain qualitative data regarding their digital learning experiences and self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies.

Note: Both the Big Five Inventory and the OSLQ rely on self-report ratings, which are subject to participant self-report bias.