Human social structures present a significant challenge in determining the origins of intelligence, as they can confound the results of assessments. Factors such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status are particularly influential. For instance, disparities in IQ test scores among different ethnic groups are more likely a reflection of social and environmental variables than of inherent intellectual differences. Similarly, children living in poverty experience chronic stress from concerns over basic needs like safety, shelter, and food. This sustained stress can negatively impact brain function and development, resulting in lower IQ scores.