A process in which fatty acids are broken down to release two acetyl groups, producing NADH and FADH2 in the process. The acetyl groups are used in the Krebs cycle and the electrons of the electron carriers are used to produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

Beta Oxidation

Lipid catabolism involves specific classes of enzymes, primarily lipases and phospholipases. Lipases catalyze the breakdown of triglycerides, while phospholipases catalyze the breakdown of phospholipids. The activity of these enzymes promotes bacterial virulence through the catabolism of host cell resources for energy.

Types of Lipid Catabolism Enzymes

Enzymes break down lipids such as triglycerides and phospholipids to release glycerol and fatty acid chains, which can be further degraded into molecules to be used for respiration.

University of Notre Dame

Exergonic metabolism pathways involved in the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones

Catabolism

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Cells seek a balance in molecular energy through catabolism and anabolism. The energy released by catabolic pathways is used to make high-energy molecules that drive anabolic pathways. A key regulating mechanism for these pathways is allosteric control.

Catabolism and Anabolism Balance

Enzymes break down carbohydrates such as glycogen, starch, and cellulose to break glycosidic linkages and release glucose monomers, the latter of which is used for further catabolism. The break down of materials during catabolism releases products necessary for cellular metabolism.

Carbohydrate catabolism

Lipid catabolism

Enzymes break down proteins such to release peptides for cellular uptake. Cells then are able to further breakdown amino acids into molecules that can be used in pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle.

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