Cells seek a balance in molecular energy through catabolism and anabolism. The energy released by catabolic pathways is used to make high-energy molecules that drive anabolic pathways. A key regulating mechanism for these pathways is allosteric control.

University of Notre Dame

Exergonic metabolism pathways involved in the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones

Catabolism

Endergonic metabolism pathways involved in the building of simpler molecules into complex ones (biosynthesis) using cellular energy

Anabolism

OpenStax Concepts of Biology provides the necessary breadth and depth for core Biology concepts.

Link: https://openstax.org/details/books/concepts-biology/

OpenStax Biology 2nd Edition

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Catabolism and Anabolism Balance

Enzymes break down carbohydrates such as glycogen, starch, and cellulose to break glycosidic linkages and release glucose monomers, the latter of which is used for further catabolism. The break down of materials during catabolism releases products necessary for cellular metabolism.

Carbohydrate catabolism

Enzymes break down lipids such as triglycerides and phospholipids to release glycerol and fatty acid chains, which can be further degraded into molecules to be used for respiration.

Lipid catabolism

Enzymes break down proteins such to release peptides for cellular uptake. Cells then are able to further breakdown amino acids into molecules that can be used in pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle.

Protein catabolism

An anabolic reaction performed by phototrophs to turn solar energy into chemical energy for use in cellular functions

Learn Before

Related