REM behavior disorder (RBD), sleepwalking, restless leg syndrome, and night terrors are examples of parasomnias, which involve unwanted motor behaviors or experiences during the sleep cycle.

Examples of Parasomnias

A parasomnia is a type of sleep disorder characterized by undesirable and disruptive motor activities or experiences that occur during sleep. These events can take place during either the REM or NREM phases of the sleep cycle.

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Depending on the substance, one of four types of sleep disturbances occur:
- Insomnia Type
- Daytime Sleepiness Type
- Parasomnia Type
- Mixed Type

Insomnia type and daytime sleepiness type are most common.

It is also necessary to note whether onset occurs during intoxication, during withdrawal, or after medication use.

Specifiers for Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep Disorder

- Jet Lag
- Rotating work shifts
- Insomnia
- Parasomnia

Disruption of Normal Sleep

American Psychiatric Association Publishing. (2022). Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition text revision: DSM-5-TR (5th ed., pp. 469–475). section.

Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep Disorder from the DSM-V

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Insomnia type is characterized by difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, or nonrestorative sleep.

Insomnia Type

Daytime sleepiness type is characterized by predominant complaints of excessive fatigue during waking hours or long sleep periods.

Daytime Sleepiness Type

Mixed type is characterized by multiple types of sleep symptoms in which no symptom predominates.

Mixed Type

Parasomnia

A collection of symptoms that arises from a mismatch between the body's internal circadian cycles and the external environment. A common cause for this desynchronization is traveling across multiple time zones.

Jet Lag

Insomnia is defined as constant difficulties falling or being asleep. It can also be accompanied by an increase in levels of anxiety.

Insomnia

Rotating shift work is a work schedule that changes frequently, often from early to late shifts on a daily or weekly basis. This constant change makes it difficult for an individual to maintain a stable, normal circadian rhythm.

Rotating Shift Work

Based on the scenario provided, identify the most likely sleep disruption this individual is experiencing and justify your choice by citing at least two specific pieces of evidence from the text.

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