The results of the study were found to support the first three hypotheses. For research question 1: Athletes had a higher GPA than non-athletes. Results found through a t-test ($t(106) = 2.75$, $p < .01$, $d = .70$) indicated a significant difference. For research question 2: Athletes had significantly higher levels of academic self-efficacy than non-athletes, and a significant correlation was found between scores on the academic self-efficacy measure and students’ current GPAs. For research question 3, results did not indicate a significant direct effect of sports participation on GPA; however, results indicated that an indirect relationship existed between sports participation and academic achievement through the influence of academic self-efficacy. Self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between sports participation and academic achievement. Lastly, for question 4, Pearson correlation showed that there was no significant relation.