Example

Seller's Transition from Price-Taker to Price-Maker in the Hat Market

In a market experiencing excess demand, a seller may transition from a price-taker to a price-maker based on direct observations. For example, a hat seller who consistently sells out of stock may infer that there is unmet demand. This realization is strengthened by observing that some potential customers are unable to make a purchase and that even some existing customers would have been willing to pay a higher price. Acting on this information, even without knowing the specifics of the new demand curve, the seller may strategically raise their price, thereby becoming a price-maker.

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Updated 2025-08-27

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