In Section 4 of Golshan-e Raz, Mahmud Shabestari defines tafakkur (contemplation or thought) as the spiritual and intellectual journey from falsehood to truth, and the ability to perceive the Absolute Whole (the Divine) within a particular part. He integrates elements of formal logic into Sufi epistemology, explaining that thought begins with tasawwur (conception) and, through logical arrangement (such as premises leading to a conclusion), reaches tasdiq (assent or judgment). Thus, contemplation bridges rational methodology and the inner realization of divine unity.