The steps of translation are shared between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The steps of translation are:

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Steps of Translation (Protein Synthesis)

While eukaryotes and prokaryotes have some differences between their processes of translation, they share many of the same enzymes and terms needed for translation. These are:

- Ribosomes
- tRNA
- rRNA

Key Components in Translation

Translation shares many of the same enzymes and components across the domains of life, but there are many important differences. Here we designate translation based on their domains of life. 
- Prokaryotic translation
- Eukaryotic translation

Classifications of Translation by the Domains of Life 

Translation is the decoding of mRNA transcripts into proteins. Protein synthesis uses more energy in a cell than any other metabolic process. This overall process is conserved with prokaryotes and eukaryotes with important differences in the proteins and mRNA involved. 

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Gene expression refers to the processes of using the genetic code to make proteins.  This process occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. This occurs in all of the classifications of microbial genetics.
Gene expression is also described as the "Central Dogma of Molecular Biology" to describe the transfer of information of the genetic code in cells.

Gene Expression

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Translation (Protein Synthesis)

Gene expression must be regulated in order to express the genes that are needed at the right times so that cellular energy is not wasted. There are many regulatory genes required for gene regulation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Gene Regulation

Mutations in the genetic code occur at the DNA base pair level when a DNA base pair is changed. It may or may not have a noticeable change to the protein that is made due to redundancy in the genetic code. However, a mutation in the DNA can lead to a noticeable phenotype. 

Mutations

Transcription is the process of transcribing the genetic information of DNA into RNA transcripts. This transcript is mobile and is a copy of DNA with RNA nucleotides. This process is largely conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with some significant differences between them.

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