Learn Before
Vance Hall's Study on Teacher Attention
An early demonstration of single-subject research in an applied setting was conducted by Vance Hall and his colleagues in 1968. To address disruptive behavior in a classroom, researchers first observed the students to establish a baseline of their usual activity. Following this, a treatment was implemented where the teacher exclusively provided positive attention when a student engaged in schoolwork, ignoring any disruptions. The intervention led to a significant increase in study time and a drop in misbehavior. When the positive reinforcement was paused, the students reverted to their prior disruptive habits, confirming that the teacher's focused attention was the direct cause of the behavioral improvement.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Vance Hall's Study on Teacher Attention
Single-Subject Research Designs
Which of the following best characterizes the methodology of single-subject research?
True or False: In single-subject research, the investigator focuses on the behavior of each individual participant as a separate unit of analysis, typically involving between two and ten people in a study.
A psychology researcher is designing a study using a single-subject methodology. Match each specific scenario description below with the core principle of single-subject research it demonstrates.
A researcher is utilizing a single-subject design to analyze whether a specific behavioral intervention causes a reduction in a participant's off-task behavior. To establish experimental control and identify a functional relationship between the intervention and the behavior, arrange the following steps in the correct logical sequence.
A researcher wants to design a quantitative study to test whether a new behavioral intervention reduces the frequency of 'vocal tics' in 3 specific participants. To create a rigorous experiment following the principles of small- design, which of the following protocols should the researcher construct to establish experimental control and demonstrate the intervention's effect on each individual?
True or False: Single-subject research is a qualitative methodology that focuses on subjective experiences rather than utilizing quantitative techniques to analyze objective behavior.
A psychologist reviewing a single-subject (small-) study with only four participants must judge whether the researcher compensated for the absence of a large sample size by applying strict _____ and control over each individual's behavior to ensure scientific rigor.
Match each researcher's study scenario with the corresponding core feature of single-subject research it demonstrates.
A psychologist is analyzing a study that focuses closely on the behavior of four participants. To categorize this methodology, the psychologist notes that since the statistical symbol for sample size is represented by , this type of study is referred to as a small-_____ design.
An editor must evaluate whether a newly submitted manuscript qualifies as a single-subject research design based on its methodological characteristics. Arrange the evaluation steps in the logical order the editor should perform them, from identifying the broad research paradigm to verifying specific design controls.
Learn After
Arrange the methodological phases of Vance Hall's 1968 study on classroom behavior in the correct chronological order.
In Vance Hall’s 1968 study on classroom behavior, what was the scientific significance of observing that students reverted to disruptive habits when the teacher temporarily paused the positive reinforcement?
A researcher is applying the procedural logic from Vance Hall’s 1968 study to a new student who frequently interrupts during lessons. Match each of the researcher’s actions to the corresponding procedural phase of that study's design.
In Vance Hall’s study on teacher attention, if the students’ disruptive behavior had not returned to its original baseline levels when the reinforcement was paused, the researchers would have been unable to definitively rule out the possibility that an extraneous factor—rather than the teacher’s attention—was responsible for the initial improvement.
A researcher is designing a single-subject study based on the logic of Vance Hall's 1968 classroom research. After a baseline phase and an intervention phase where a teacher praises a student for finishing work, the researcher notices that the student's desk was moved to a quieter area at the same time. To create an experimental phase that definitively isolates the teacher's praise as the direct cause of the improvement—ruling out the desk location—which setup should be implemented next?
In Vance Hall and colleagues' 1968 study, the classroom teacher addressed disruptive behavior during the treatment phase by actively reprimanding the students and administering disciplinary timeouts.
Match each core component of Vance Hall's 1968 classroom study with the methodological role it plays in the single-subject research design.
In Vance Hall's 1968 classroom study, researchers confirmed that teacher attention—rather than an outside factor—caused the behavioral improvement because disruptive behavior showed a _____ to original baseline levels once the positive reinforcement was withdrawn.