When writing research reports or planning presentations, researchers typically incorporate scientific theories in one of two basic ways. The first approach is to raise a new research question, conduct a study to answer it, and subsequently offer one or more theories to interpret the results; this is ideal for applied questions or when existing theories are insufficient. The second approach is to describe existing theories, derive a hypothesis from one of them, test it in a new study, and then reevaluate the theory based on the findings, which is effective when established theories already address the topic.