The final electron carrier in the ETS. Can be used to differentiate between bacterial types during disease diagnoses

Cytochrome Oxidase

- Cell lacking genes encoding cytochrome oxidase
- Cell lacking genes encoding enzymes that protect against harmful oxygen radicals
- Not enough oxygen

Circumstances Where Aerobic Respiration is Not Viable

Aerobic Respiration: Maximum ATP Yields

Cellular respiration is composed of four main steps:

- Glycolysis
- Transition Reaction (Pyruvate Oxidation)
- Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation

Steps in Cellular Respiration

A catabolic pathway requiring oxygen and involving the catabolism of glucose to ultimately release energy necessary for cellular functions. In the final step of the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is an oxygen molecule, which gets reduced into water, by cytochrome oxidase. 

University of Notre Dame

Two types of cellular respiration include:

- Aerobic respiration
- Anaerobic respiration

Types of Respiration

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Nutrient catabolism that does not require oxygen, thus acting as an alternative pathway when aerobic respiration is not possible. In the final step of the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule that is not oxygen. Users of these pathways have modified ETS carriers to accommodate electron transfer to different final acceptors, which can produce smaller electrochemical gradients and thus generate less ATP.

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