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Prisoners' Dilemma

A prisoners' dilemma is a game that has a dominant strategy equilibrium, but also features an alternative outcome that gives a higher payoff to all players. Consequently, the Nash equilibrium in a prisoners' dilemma is not Pareto efficient. This creates a paradox where individually rational actions, driven by self-interest, lead to a collectively undesirable outcome because players do not account for the external effects their actions impose on others.

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Updated 2026-05-02

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