The primary distinction between these two economic models is the role of markets. The 'Family-based Production' model is defined by its near-total lack of markets and trade, emphasizing complete self-sufficiency (autarky). Conversely, 'Pre-Capitalist Market Economies' describes systems where, although production was dominated by individual artisans and family farms who owned their capital, active markets were a key institution for exchanging surplus goods. Therefore, the presence of markets, even without the dominance of firms, separates these historical economies from the theoretical model of pure family-based autarky.