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Learned Helplessness
Learned helplessness is a psychological state that occurs when an individual endures repeated, uncontrollable, and stressful events, leading to a belief that they are powerless to change their circumstances. This causes them to cease efforts to exert control, even when opportunities for change become available. The concept was established through Martin Seligman's 1960s experiments where dogs, after being unable to escape electric shocks, later failed to attempt escape even when it was possible. Seligman theorized that this behavior—passivity and a lack of initiative—mirrored symptoms of human depression, suggesting that learned helplessness could be a significant factor in its development.
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Two employees, Sam and Maria, are informed that their company is undergoing a major restructuring, which may affect their job roles. Sam immediately begins updating his resume, researching new skills relevant to his field, and scheduling a meeting with his manager to discuss potential new roles within the company. Maria feels overwhelmed, believes there is nothing she can do to influence the situation, and avoids thinking about the restructuring. Which of the following statements best analyzes the employees' reactions to this potential stressor?
Two employees, Sam and Maria, are informed that their company is undergoing a major restructuring which may affect their roles. Sam immediately feels a high level of stress, believing that the outcome is completely out of his hands and that there is nothing he can do to influence his position. Maria, while concerned, begins updating her resume, researching other roles within the company, and scheduling a meeting with her manager to discuss her future. Which psychological principle best explains the difference in their reactions to this potential stressor?