Measuring reading comprehension is historically a complex process where researchers used many different mechanisms to assess outcomes. More recently, measurements have been one-dimensional and just focus on specific response formats such as multiple-choice or fill in the blank. The challenge with assessing reading comprehension is making inferences about how well the reader understands the text because researchers are not directly observing the process of the reader retaining information; they can only measure the outcomes of reading comprehension and the processes through which readers were able to reach a certain level of understanding.