Planctomycetes are a phylum of bacteria that are typically water dwelling. Unlike many bacteria, they reproduce via budding rather than binary fission. A bud separates from the mother cell. Sessile cells are immobile and contain a holdfast appendage that allows them to adhere to surfaces in the water. The sessile cells are able to reproduce.

Planctomycetes

Gram negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan. They also have an inner and outer membrane. The outer membrane contains the lipopolysaccharides which are important in gram negative bacteria being infectious. 

Gram Negative Cell Walls

Spirochete cells are longer and helical spiral bacterial cells. They are members of the Spirochaetota phylum of bacteria.

Spirochete

The *Chlamydia* genus consists of many pathogens. They spread very easily from host to host because they form elementary bodies during their life cycle. These are spore-like which allows *Chlamydia* to be metabolically inactive until they are in a host environment.

*Chlamydia*

This phylum contains gram-negative nonproteobacteria that are linked together because of their similarities in their DNA sequences. They are rod bacteria that are primarily living in anaerobic environments and many of which are fermenters.

*Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, Bacteriodes* (CFB)

The gram negative bacteria that are not present in the Proteobacteria phylum consist of some of these classes and genera of bacteria:
-  *Chlamidia*
- Spirochetes
- *Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides*
- Planctomycetes

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Bacteria are diverse in their functions, structure and genomes. Some important classes and phyla among bacteria are:
- Proteobacteria
- Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria 
- Phototrophic Bacteria
- Gram-Positive Bacteria
- Deeply Branching Bacteria

Bacterial Diversity

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

This is a phylum of bacteria coiled from microbiologist Carl Woese. These were classified based on their similar genomes. 

Proteobacteria

Phototrophic bacteria use sunlight as their energy source. Phototrophic bacteria consist of many groups: 
- Purple and Green bacteria
- Cyanobacteria

Phototrophic Bacteria

Deeply branching bacteria are the bacteria that represent the oldest living species on Earth that are known. Their name refers to their position on the bottom of the phylogenetic tree where they branch close to the last universal common ancestor. 

Deeply Branching Bacteria

Gram positive bacteria have a specific cell wall with a thick peptidoglycan layer. They have been identified from the Gram stain because of their cell wall retains the Gram stain. They have also been further classified by their genomes: 
- High G+C gram positive bacteria
- Low G+C gram positive bacteria

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