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Null and Alternative Hypotheses for the Dependent-Samples t-Test
The null hypothesis for a dependent-samples -test states that the means at the two times or under the two conditions are identical in the population. When evaluated using difference scores, this hypothesis assumes that the mean difference score in the population is (). Conversely, the alternative hypothesis asserts that the means are not the same, meaning the population mean difference score is not (). Researchers may also use a one-tailed test if they theoretically expect the difference to occur in a specific direction.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Null and Alternative Hypotheses for the Dependent-Samples t-Test
Conceptualizing the Dependent-Samples t-Test as a One-Sample t-Test
How is a difference score calculated in the initial step of a dependent-samples t-test?
A researcher conducts a study measuring participants' stress levels before and after a mindfulness workshop. When computing a difference score for each participant, the researcher subtracts the pretest score from the posttest score for the first 15 participants but then switches to subtracting the posttest score from the pretest score for the remaining 15 participants. This approach is acceptable because both subtraction directions are valid ways to compute difference scores.