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  • Types of Spacing Effect References

Classification

References on the Effects of Spacing Compared to Massing

This classification categorizes academic literature and empirical studies that directly compare the effects of spaced practice (distributed learning) versus massed practice (cramming) on memory retention, induction, and overall learning outcomes.

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Updated 2026-07-04

Contributors are:

Amrit Pradhan
Amrit Pradhan
🏆 1
Jessica Steir
Jessica Steir
✔️ 1
Elijah Fox
Elijah Fox
✔️ 1
Gemini AI
Gemini AI
✔️ 1

Who are from:

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
🏆 2
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
✔️ 1
Google
Google
✔️ 1

Tags

Psychology

Social Science

Empirical Science

Science

Related
  • Early References on the Origins of the Spacing Effect

  • References on the Effects of Spacing Compared to Massing

  • References Displaying the Spacing Effect in Different Domains

Learn After
  • Learning Concepts and Categories: Is Spacing the “Enemy of Induction”?

  • Rodriguez, F., Yu, R., Park, J., Rivas, M. J., Warschauer, M., & Sato, B. K. (2019, March). Utilizing learning analytics to map students' self-reported study strategies to click behaviors in STEM courses. In Proceedings of the 9th international conference on learning analytics & knowledge (pp. 456-460).

  • Morehead et al. (2018) Does mediator use contribute to the spacing effect for cued recall? Critical tests of the mediator hypothesis.

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