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Ross and Horner Bullying Prevention Study
In 2009, Scott Ross and Robert Horner conducted a study illustrating the multiple-baseline design across participants by evaluating a school-wide bullying prevention program. They observed the aggressive behaviors of specific problem students across three different schools to establish a baseline. They then implemented the prevention program at the first school, waited two weeks to implement it at the second school, and waited another two weeks for the third school. Because the aggressive behaviors of the students dropped shortly after the program was implemented at their respective schools, the staggered introduction made it highly unlikely that the changes were due to external coincidences, demonstrating the internal validity of the design.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Ross and Horner Bullying Prevention Study
Multiple-Baseline Design Across Participants Example
In a multiple-baseline design across participants, what is the crucial procedural feature that helps establish internal validity?
A researcher wants to evaluate a new note-taking intervention using three participants. She records each participant's exam scores during a baseline phase and then begins the intervention with all three participants during the same week. Because she measured baselines for multiple individuals, this design effectively rules out the possibility that an outside event—rather than the intervention—caused any observed improvement in exam scores.